A few weeks ago, on Thursday September 13th, 2018, a series of violent explosions and billowing fires tore through Lawrence, Andover and North Andover, Massachusetts. The explosions, which have since been connected to gas line problems, have impacted at least 8,000 people and left one person dead.
In the first few, hectic hours after the explosions rocked the region on September 13th, the Massachusetts State Police official Twitter account posted a Tweet reading:
“Updated plotting of confirmed fires and explosions by MSP Watch Center. 39 locations confirmed thus far. Number will grow. New responses ongoing. Reminder: all residents of Lawrence/Andover/N Andover who have Columbia Gas must evacuate, as should anyone else who smells gas.” — @MassStatePolice, 09/13/18 @ 6:26 PM
Accompanying the Tweet was an image of a map on a computer screen, showing locations of “confirmed fires and explosions.” Also visible in the image of the computer screen were bookmarks in a Google Chrome web browser.
Almost immediately, people on social media began to point to something disturbing about the image: the bookmarks on the Massachusetts State Police computer appeared to link to certain progressive organizing and activist groups in Central Massachusetts. What was meant as an innocent enough disaster response tweet had become damning evidence that law enforcement in Massachusetts continues to engage in questionable surveillance of left-leaning political organizers.
Those groups in the browser bookmarks include:
- Mass Action Against Police Brutality (MAAPB)
- The Coalition to Organize and Mobilize Boston Against Trump (COMBAT)
- 413 Action
- MA Activism
- Resistance Calendar
Additionally, the bookmarks bar in the image showed links to “AeryonLive,” which a web search reveals is a surveillance drone company, and “Intel Techniques,” which appears to be this site.
About a half hour after the first tweet was posted, it was deleted and replaced with a second image, which you can still find online. Notably, the second image does not contain the offending bookmarks tab.
The “MSP Watch Center” from which the tweet issued is located within the Commonwealth Fusion Center, one of a network of 79 so-called “fusion centers” in the United States. These state and local police spy centers were established through funding provided by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. Department of Justice, to promote information sharing among municipal, state and federal law enforcement agencies after 9/11. While they were established under the auspices of fighting terrorism, according to a bipartisan congressional report they haven’t contributed anything meaningful to United States counterterrorism efforts. Instead, they have largely served as police surveillance and information sharing nodes for law enforcement efforts targeting the frequent subjects of police attention: Black and brown people, immigrants, dissidents, and the poor.
The State Police tweet provides the most recent evidence that this ugly history has extended into the present. In response, the ACLU filed a public records request under the Massachusetts public records law, asking for the all bookmarks and browsing histories from every computer at the Commonwealth Fusion Center.
After the State Police deleted the tweet containing evidence of the MSP’s interest in these left-leaning groups, a police spokesman, David Procopio, released a statement claiming that the agency has a “responsibility to know about all large public gatherings of any type and by any group, regardless of their purpose and position, for public safety reasons…We do not collect information about – nor, frankly do we care about – any group’s beliefs or opinions.”
If that’s true, it’s odd that the bookmarks bar in the tweeted image only contained links to progressive and left-wing organizing/activist groups. If we’re to take the State Police’s statement at face value, then the only way to confirm what they’re saying is true is to see the bookmarks and browsing history of its employees.
Surveillance of activist groups in Massachusetts is not new. In early-2018, the ACLU of Massachusetts released a report showing that between 2014 and 2016, the Boston Police Department used a social media surveillance system called Geofeedia to monitor individuals expressing constitutionally protected free speech on Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube. The records we disclosed revealed the police were monitoring hashtags such as “#MuslimLivesMatter” and “#BlackLivesMatter.” The cops’ social media surveillance software even caught a Thanksgiving day Facebook post from former Boston City Councilor Tito Jackson. Back in 2015, reporting revealed that the State Police were monitoring social media accounts associated with the Black Lives Matter movement.
To fight against this anti-democratic surveillance, the ACLU has long supported efforts at the state legislature to ban police from monitoring protected speech and activity. Last session, we supported the Fundamental Freedoms Act, which would have prohibited agencies like the Commonwealth Fusion Center from monitoring First Amendment protected activities absent a showing that the target of the surveillance is likely involved in criminal activity. Specifically, the bill stipulated that law enforcement must have “reasonable grounds” to believe that someone has violated a crime before collecting intelligence information about them.
The best disinfectant is sunlight, which is why we filed this public records request seeking more information about the types of websites visited by State Police employees assigned to the fusion center. We look forward to reading their response, and to more scrutiny of law enforcement surveillance in the Commonwealth.
This blog post was written by ACLU of Massachusetts Technology Fellow Nasser Eledroos.